高考英语阅读专项练习附答案解析
The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.
The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.The design of Dr.Carter's research.
B.The results of Dr.Carter's research.
C.The purpose of Dr.Carter's research.
D.The significance of Dr.Carter's research.
2.According to the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?
A.Those that have more experience.
B.Those that can avoid potential risks.
C.Those that like to work independently.
D.Those that feel anxious about learning.
3.Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
B.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
C.Some baboons observe others but don't follow them.
D.Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.
4.Dr.Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ________.
A.storing information
B.learning from each other
C.understanding different people
D.travelling between social groups
阅读专项练习答案解析：
本文是一篇科普说明文。剑桥大学的一些研究人员通过对狒狒的研究发现，影响狒狒学习成效的因素不是它们的智力，而是其性格以及对学习的渴望程度。这一研究结果也适用于人类社会：如果我们不善于与他人沟通或太胆怯而不能利用所得到的信息，那么会阻碍以社会学习为基础的文化的形成。
1.A 解析：推理判断题。第一段描述了研究人员如何开展这一研究的具体细节：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物藏在一个盒子里，有些狒狒有机会观看另外一只狒狒是如何完成任务的，而另外一些狒狒则不得不自学完成任务，因此选A项“卡特博士研究的设计”，而非研究的“结果”“目的”或“重要性”。
2.D 解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段中The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn...及第三段中The anxious individuals learnt...while those who were relaxed did not...这些对实验的描述可知D项“那些渴望学习的狒狒”符合题意。
3.C 解析：推理判断题。该词所在上文，即第二、三段提到在观察了别的狒狒之后，勇敢的、渴望学习的狒狒学到本领，而害羞的狒狒学了却不像别的狒狒那样去做;再根据between collecting social information and using it可知与“收集”和“使用”对应的是“观察别人但不跟着做”，即C项。
4.B 解析：细节理解题。最后一段首句The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.意为“研究结果可能会影响我们如何理解社会文化的形成，该文化的形成是通过社会学习获得的”。换言之，作者认为我们的文化是通过social learning而形成的，与B项“互相学习”相呼应，而非“储存信息”“理解不同的人”或“在社会群体间传播”。
高考英语阅读专项练习2：
Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.Imagine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your fingertips.
With existing medical knowledge and skills，twothirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer.Unfortunately，rich countries possess most of this knowledge，while developing countries do not.
ORBIS is an international nonprofit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide.Inside a DC8 aircraft，there is a fullyequipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.
ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during threeweek medical programs.ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses，who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far.For the seven to ten million blind in China，ORBIS is planning to do more for them.At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a longterm plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.
For just US $38，you can help one person see;for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people;$1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills;and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.
1.The first paragraph is intended to ________.
A.introduce a new way of reading
B.advise the public to lead a simple life
C.direct the public's attention to the blind
D.encourage the public to use imagination
2.What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?
A.They are adequate.
B.They have not been updated.
C.They are not equally distributed.
D.They have benefited most of the blind.
3.ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________.
A.teaching medical students
B.training doctors and nurses
C.running flying hospitals globally
D.setting up nonprofit organizations
4.What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?
A.Appeal for donations.
B.Make an advertisement.
C.Promote training programs.
D.Show sympathy for the blind.
5.What can be the best title for the passage?
A.ORBIS in China
B.Fighting Blindness
C.ORBIS Flying Hospital
D.Sightsaving Techniques
阅读专项练习答案解析：
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一个旨在帮助失明人士的组织——ORBIS。大家行动起来和ORBIS一起，来帮助那些失明的朋友们。小小的捐助，就可以使他们和我们一样去感受这个世界的美好。
1.C 解析：考查写作意图。综观全文，作者希望大众通过想象失明人士的生活，以此引起人们对失明人士的关注，故选C。
2.C 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句话可知目前的医疗知识和技术分配不均衡。
3.B 解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第三段和第四段首句可知ORBIS通过培训医务人员来帮助失明人士。
4.A 解析：考查段落大意。由文章最后一段中不同金额的捐款所能产生的积极效果可知，最后作者是号召大众捐款帮助提高失明人士的生活质量。
5.C 解析：考查标题判断。本文关键词为ORBIS，文章通篇都在介绍ORBIS通过他们的flying hospital帮助失明人士。