英语六级阅读理解练习附详解:饮食健康
But the researchers didn't find a similarly protective effect in men, although other studies havefound a benefit to males.
How might caffeine help ward off cognitive decline? "It is a cognitive stimulant." saidRitchie. It also helps to reduce levels of the protein called beta amyloid in the brain. she said. "whose accumulation is responsible for Alzheimer's disease but which also occurs in normalaging."
Ritchie said she wasn't sure why men in the study didn't benefit from caffeine. "Ourhypothesis is that either women metabolize caffeine differently than men, or there may be aninteraction of the caffeine with the sex hormones.the estrogen-progesterone balance," shesaid.
The French study confirms previous research, said William Scott. professor of medicine at theUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine. who has researched caffeine's beneficial effectsagainst Parkinson's disease, also a neurodegenerative disorder.
As for caffeine only protecting women, Scott noted that just 2,800 of the 7,000 studyparticipants were men. and the results might have differed if more men were included.
A study published in February in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition looked at 676 healthymen and found that regular coffee drinkers had a lower rate of cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up than those who didn't drink coffee. Those who drank three cups daily had theleast signs of decline.
Both Scott and Ritchie agreed that more study is needed. Ritchie's research will next look at therelationship between caffeine and Alzheimer's.
女性每天喝三杯或更多咖啡，到65岁时记忆衰退的可能性比那些每天只喝一杯或更少咖啡的人要小30%。[1]而且这样的益处随年龄的增长而增加。据研究者称，80岁以上的女性，如果每天喝三杯或更多咖啡，较之每天只喝一杯或更少咖啡的人，记忆衰退的可能性小70%。
[2]研究发现，添加了咖啡因的茶对女性有同样的效果，尽管需要喝更多的茶才能得到与咖啡同样的刺激作用。“大约是两杯茶相当于一杯咖啡，”该项研究的负责人卡伦·里奇说。她来自法国国家健康与医学研究院(INSERM)。
但是研究者没有发现咖啡对男性具有类似的保护作用，虽然其他的一些研究已发现咖啡能给男性带来好处。
咖啡因何以能有助于抵抗记忆衰退呢?里奇说：“它是一种刺激记忆的物质。”咖啡因也有助于降低大脑中叫做β淀粉酶的蛋白质的水平，她说：“[3]β淀粉酶的积聚会导致老年痴呆症，但是正常的老化过程中也会出现这种病症。”
里奇说，她还不能确定为什么受试的男性未能从咖啡因中受益。“我们猜想，要么是女性代谢咖啡因的方式与男性不同，要么是咖啡因与性激素发生相互作用，即雌激素——孕酮的平衡。”
[4]迈阿密大学米勒医学院的教授威廉·斯科特说，法国人的研究证实了以前的研究结果。斯科特教授研究过咖啡因对帕金森综合征的疗效。帕金森综合征也是一种神经退化疾病。
至于为什么咖啡因只对女性起保护作用，斯科特教授指出，7000位受试者中只有2800位男性，如果有更多的男性参与试验，结果可能会不一样。
《欧洲临床营养学杂志》于2月发表了一项研究，调查了676位健康男性，经过十年的追踪调查显示，常喝咖啡的人比不常喝咖啡的人记忆衰退的速度要慢。那些每天喝三杯咖啡的人记忆衰退的迹象最不明显。
斯科特和里奇都认为还需进一步研究。里奇接下来会研究咖啡因与老年痴呆症之间的关系。
1. As it is indicated in the l st paragraph, howdoes coffee influence women’s memory?
A) The older the woman was. the more remarkableher memory was.
B) The more coffee the woman drank, the moreslowly her memory declined.
C) The older the woman was, the more slowly her memory declined.
D) The more coffee the woman drank. the more remarkable her memory was.
2. What is true about caffeinated tea?
A) It affected women’s memory in the same manner as coffee.
B) It influenced women’s memory as effectively as coffee.
C) It boosted women’s memory in the same rate as coffee.
D) It contained che same amount of caffeine as coffee.
3. According to Ritchie. Alzheimer's disease is resulted from________________.
A) the lack of caffeine in the brain
B) the accumulation of beta amyloid
C)high level of proteins in the brain
D) abnormal metabolism in normal aging
4. William Scott would most probably agree that caffeine helped_______________.
A) reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease
B) retard the process of cognitive decline
C) balance the production of female hormones
D) protect both men and women from diseases
5. What was the author's attitude towards the research of caffeine's beneficial effecton men7
A) Doubtful.
B) Convinced.
C) Matter-of-fact.
D) Cautious.